Title
How to extract and analyze pollen from internal organs and exoskeletons of fossil insects
Author
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Abstract
This protocol explains how to extract pollen from fossil insects with subsequent descriptions of pollen treatment. We also describe how to document morphological and ultrastructural features with light-microscopy and electron microscopy. It enables a taxonomic assignment of pollen that can be used to interpret flower-insect interactions, foraging and feeding behavior of insects, and the paleoenvironment. The protocol is limited by the state of the fossil, the presence/absence of pollen on fossil specimens, and the availability of extant pollen for comparison.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wappler et al. (2015), Ulrich and Grímsson (2020), and Wedmann et al. (2021).
Keywords
MicroscopyPlant sciencesEarth sciencesEvolutionary biology
Object type
Language
English [eng]
Persistent identifier
phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:1588400
Appeared in
Title
STAR Protocols
Volume
2
Issue
4
ISSN
2666-1667
Issued
2021
Publication
Elsevier BV
Version type
Date issued
2021
Access rights
Rights
Rights statement
© 2021 The Author(s)
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