Abstract
China was one of the earliest venues where the United States, after emerging as a leading global power during the Second World War, sought to use military intervention to remake the world and protect its ideological and international security goals. The United States’s dramatic transition from China’s wartime ally to a postwar interventionist occurred during UNRRA’s operational period. This period saw the overlap of humanitarian and military spheres, prompting UNRRA staff to forge a close relationship with the military out of a need for materials, information and expertise. This case of China provides insights into international humanitarian actors’ reliance on foreign military authorities in a weak sovereign state. This chapter highlights that the tightly controlled environment in the final year of the Second World War compelled the UNRRA China Office to prove its value to military goals, and their interaction laid a foundation for continued entanglement in the first two postwar years (1945–47).